Environmental Cleanup at Navy Facilities: Adaptive Site Management, Committee on Environmental Remediation at Naval Facilities, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. Source: Adapted from National Research Council, 2003. Thereafter, the risk increases either because of the treatment itself, for example, in pump and treat operations that pull in water from other aquifers that may be polluted, or when treatment technologies are high maintenance. Curve D is a situation where controls are effective up to a point in time. Curve B may represent natural attenuation, which lags the engineered approach, but the rate of biodegradation increases as the microbial populations become acclimated. For example, Curve A could represent an in situ treatment process. Hypothetical change in risk in relation to time and resources expended for exposure reduction from various actions, including natural attenuation (i.e., allowing the microbial populations to acclimate themselves to the pollutant and, with time, degrading the contaminations). Any failure before this target is a design failure.įIGURE 1.4. The target design life for persistent chemical and nuclear wastes can be many decades, centuries, even millennia. Whether or not the facilities reach catastrophic failure, the curve becomes asymptotic that is, virtually no additional risk reduction with increased costs. Eventually, however, the failures of these engineered systems became obvious in terms of health endpoints-for example, birth defects, cancer, and other diseases-as well as measurements of contamination in the air, water, and soil. This included burial of wastes and capping the landfill. Actions, including some environmentally irresponsible ones, were taken. This failure does not necessarily have to occur all at once, but could be an incremental series of failures that lead to a disaster, such as the containment and capping of hazardous wastes at the Love Canal, New York, site. The figure also depicts a catastrophic failure. The exposure or risk reduction is a measure of engineering effectiveness. A prototypical curve for an engineered facility that contains or caps the pollutant may reduce exposure to contaminants and, therefore, reduce health risks in manner similar to the curve in Figure 1.2, with relatively high risk reduction early or with the initial expenditure of resources and diminishing returns thereafter. If a site is contaminated, the engineer can select from numerous interventions, all with different outcomes. Factor A (e.g., gravity) can be quantified as to its effect on Factor B (e.g., stress on a particular material with a specified strength), which leads to Outcome C (e.g., a hole in the stern of a ship).Įngineered solutions to environmental problems change the consequences from the outcome expected from the status quo. Science and engineering are ready-made for such retrospective analyses. We turn back time to see which physical, chemical, and biological principles dictated the outcomes. This is primarily an exercise in what historians refer to as “deconstruction” of the steps leading to the negative outcomes, or what engineers call a critical path. When there is a problem, especially if it is considered to be a disaster, considerable attention is given to the reasons that damages occurred. If any of the legs is missing or weak, our decision is questionable, no matter how strong the other two legs are.įailure analysis is an important role of every engineering discipline, including environmental engineering. Thus, environmental decisions can be likened to a three-legged stool. And, if we fail to share information and include all affected parties in every aspect of environmental decisions, we have failed in a fundamental component of risk communication. If we fail to apply these principles within the societal context and political, legal, economic, and policy milieu, we have failed in a fundamental component of risk management. Risk assessment must be based in sound science. If we ignore physical, chemical, and biological principles, we have failed in a fundamental component of risk assessment. Do we blame the water, the air, or the rock? Generally, no we blame the engineer, the ship captain, the government inspector, or whomever we consider to have been responsible. A rock in a landslide falls at an increasing rate of speed. Air moves in the direction of high to low pressure. The cases in this book are examples of human failure, coupled with or complicated by physical realities. A sound risk-based approach to solving environmental problems requires credible risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication.
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There are several different styles of cash clips you can choose from. All of our monogrammed money clips are personalized in our warehouse and will ship out the day after you place your order. This hot stamping, also called embossing, creates a branded impression into the leather that is permanent. For our leather ones, we'll hot stamp up to 3 initials for you free of charge. For our metal versions, we'll engrave a name, initials or a short message right into the steel, sterling silver or gold using our state of the art engraving machines. They hold less than a wallet too but guys often just need to carry one credit card, a driver's license and some cash.Īlmost all of our money clips can be personalized free of charge. 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Here we favored the smart bulbs that you just swap in, and connect to your Wi-Fi without a Hub. While some smart bulbs are just simple “plug n’ play” no need for extra add-ons. For example, some smart bulbs need a Hub (A Hub is a middle man between your bulb and your router. Smart bulbs have a wide range of variants, features, and uses and some might need a specific type of installation to be able to use them. Here we look for brands that have tested and trusted results in delivering a lasting Bulb life. Smart bulb life is mostly represented in hours, with most bulbs having about 20,000-25,000 hours which is greater than the average incandescent lifespan of about 1,000 hours. Fortunately with time technology advancements have made Smart bulbs last longer (an average of about 20 to 25 years if used three hours daily). Given that smart bulbs are a little more expensive than normal bulbs, bulb life is a very important factor to look at. Just remember that higher lumens mean a brighter light. This is different than Watts, which measures the amount of energy in light. lumens is the measure of the brightness of a light. To check how bright a smart light is, you need to look at the lumens it outputs. However, some bulbs are brighter than others. Here we reviewed smart bulbs that match the standard 60-watt incandescent bulbs. When looking for a solid smart light bulb one important feature to consider is the bulb light strength, because you would love to get a bulb that provides enough light for where you intend to put it. Here we preferred the light bulb with Wifi radio. If you have a home assistant or internet connection you would like a smart bulb that uses a WiFi connection so it can always be connected anytime from anywhere.įor you that just want to control your smart light bulb when you are home and close by you can also consider a Bluetooth-enabled smart bulb, however, you might not get the full blast of this technology. However, it doesn’t use much, research shows that the average smart bulb only uses a few cents a month when in standby mode.ĭepending on your need a very important feature to consider is the connectivity strength of the smart light bulb you choose. So yes, smart bulbs use a very small amount of electricity when the lights are off. And to do this, they need to be connected to the internet or network, which means they always need some little power to respond to your command. Smart bulbs are built to respond to your voice or command through the app. Remember the epic romantic scene with the dimly lit room, slow, soothing music in the background, a bottle of wine, and flowers on the bed? Yes! A smart bulb will not bring you wine and flowers, but it will match the vibe of the music you’re listening to, dim the lights, and set the perfect mood for a romantic night with your partner, all with the touch of a button or voice command.ĭo Smart Bulbs Use Electricity Even When Off? You can almost call smart light bulbs the best invention ever! Then think of the benefit of smart lights that come with motion sensors that turn on the light automatically when you enter a room, and turn it off after detecting no motion for a certain time. This way you can know where exactly you’re spending unnecessary energy (and money), and adjust accordingly. With a smart bulb’s companion app, you can now monitor energy usage for the smart bulbs in your room. A technology that can help you stay productive, active, and healthy without making any sound alarm clock is worth it! This means it can also send you to bed early by simulating sunset and changing your room to feel a lot cozier. This way if you struggle with getting up from bed, a smart light gradually simulating the sunrise would throw you out of bed as early as 5:00 am. Which can come in handy to make your morning and night routines more productive. Yes! And given that they become more available and budget-friendly, the convenience they provide is even worth more! First, think of the ability to easily control and schedule your light. Some smart bulbs come with the ability to show more than just white or yellow light and can dim or change color to offer different moods for a room. When integrated with assistants like Google, Alexa, or Siri, smart light bulbs can also respond to voice commands. However, they have the extra ability to connect to the internet which means they can be controlled through a network or app. Smart light bulbs are very similar to normal LED lights, just connect them to a lamp holder and there would be light. Smart LED light bulbs are also a great starting point for anyone looking to build a smart home gradually. This review is for you that want more exciting lighting in your room. The extension has a simple interface, which highlights the number of blocked items only.Ĭhrome users who rely on content blockers may encounter major issues from January 2023 on. New versions of uBO Minus will be released alongside the regular uBlock Origin extension for Chromium-based browsers and Firefox. The Chrome extension uBO Minus uses the same default filter set as uBlock Origin, but in optimized form to take into account the limitations of Manifest V3.Ĭhrome users who want to give uBO Minus a try may download and install it from the Chrome Web Store. Hill lists cosmetic filtering, scriplet injections, CSP, redirect and removeparam filters specifically. The consequence of this is that certain features are not supported by it. The extension does not require any extra permissions, including the "read and change all your data on all websites" permission. Hill reveals that uBO Minus uses the declarativeNetRequest API exclusively, which Google introduced in Manifest V3 to replace more powerful APIs of Manifest V3. The minus indicates that it is not as powerful as uBlock Origin. The experimental extension uBOMinus is compatible with Manifest V3. Google, earning most of its revenue from advertising, may benefit from this. A side-effect, or so it seems, is that privacy and content blocking extensions may run with limited functionality only. Rogue extensions may use the capabilities to spy on users. Google claims that Manifest V3 improves privacy by removing capabilities from extensions. Installed extensions will not run anymore and new extensions can't be installed at all in Chrome anymore. From June 2023 onward, Manifest V2 extensions are no longer supported. There is an Enterprise-policy that extends the cut-off date to June 2023. The experimental extension is based on Google's Manifest V3 for extensions, which changes things significantly for extensions such as uBlock Origin.įrom January 2023 on, Google will block extensions that rely on Manifest V2 in Chrome. Raymond Hill, the creator of the popular content blocker uBlock Origin, has published the experimental extension uBO Minus for Chromium-based browsers. This was the heaviest I had ever been and the worst I ever felt. I stepped on the scale at football practice and saw the numbers 314 come up on the screen. This continued for most of my life until I finally reached my breaking point. I even broke a desk because I was so heavy. I had to wear size 44 pants and 3xl shirts to feel comfortable walking around high school. At doctors appointments I was told how I would soon develop diabetes if my habits didn’t change. Playing football I was forced to play with kids older than me where I still struggled to make weight. Ever since I can remember I have been over weight. But you could also say I was the fat kid. Growing up I was always involved in sports I guess you could say I was an athlete. Wether you are a beginner or an advanced athlete/bodybuilder I’m confident that I can help you reach your goals. I want my clients to succeed and see results just as bad, if not more than they do. As a personal trainer I apply not only background in exercise science, but also my years of experience which I’ve had proven success with. In just a couple of years I went from doing my first amateur show in 2014 to competing at the 2017 Olympia, which is the biggest bodybuilding show in the world. So my competitive side kicked in and I decided I would give it a shot. After a few years of proper diet & training I heard about this new division that had just started, Mens Physique and thought to myself, this is actually an achievable and a desirable look. Once i was able to apply proper dieting & training based off science, my results skyrocketed and I was able to take my physique to new levels. At this point I switched my major from criminal justice to exercise science because I was fascinated with the human body and wanted to learn more about it and how I could apply this new knowledge to my own training. Shortly after joining the gym I feel in love with it and it became my passion, which lead me into the bodybuilding lifestyle. After graduating high school and not pursuing sports in college, I decided to join a gym to stay in shape. Growing up ive always played competitive sports, in high school, focusing on soccer and track year round. All major scales with flat key signatures have a tonic that is equal to four notes below the last flat. In the major scale, the F major scale has one flat. What Are All The Flat Notes?Ī key signature can hold up to seven flats and can be used as follows: B* E* A* D* G* C* F*. It may surprise you to learn how much you can learn about them after a few simple keystrokes. The best way to learn minor keys is by starting with small pieces. Minor keys, in addition to being as complex as other keys, are also extremely interesting. These chords are common in both keys, allowing you to achieve a wide range of melodies. The B-flat major and G minor chord progressions each have three flats, with the A minor, E major, and C major flats. It can be seen here not only in the key signature, but also in other parts of the system. As a result, B-flat major and G minor are the same key when it comes to notes. When the key of B-flat major is G minor and the key of G minor is B-flat major, the key signature of B-flat major is G minor, whereas the key signature of G minor is B-flat major. The term “minor” can be misinterpreted to mean flat and insignificant, in fact, they can be just as complex and interesting as any other key. In many cases, getting a minor key can be difficult. Minor Keys: Just As Complex And Interesting As Any Other Key Sharps are semitone lower pitches in pitch, whereas flats are higher. What Are Sharp And Flat Notes?Ī sharp note is one that is different from a natural note (C, D, E, F, G, A, B). In the lower right corner of the notehead is the note B-flat, which has a * symbol next to it. The note B, for example, can be found on the third line of the treble clef staff. The sound of flat notes is reduced by the semitone of notes on the musical staff’s lines and spaces. There are, of course, other ways to interpret c-flat, but this is generally the most common. This is because c-flat is typically played as either the flat second or the flat third of a major scale, which are both notes that are enharmonic with B. In general, though, c-flat is usually considered to be the same as either B or b-flat. There is no definitive answer to this question as it is largely dependent on the context and interpretation. Sharp or flat notes will be used in the following steps, in which case the exact name of the mistake will be revealed. The name of a key may differ according to the way that note is used for example, a flat(b) or sharp(#) note may have an accidental name. The piano keys are denoted by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which are the alphabetic letters for the letters in the alphabet. It is also known as the flat note because it is one half-tone (s) lower than the white note that precedes it, note C. In Lesson steps, you’ll learn about the note’s characteristics and relationship with the notes around it, as well as which scales it’s in. On the piano, treble clef, and bass clef, the Solution below demonstrates how note C-flat is positioned on two octaves. What Scale Is Just B Flat?ī- flat Major is a major scale based on B that has pitch B, C, D, E, F, G, and A, as well as two flats in the key signature.Ĭredit: C-flat is a note that is one semitone below C. The “ Moonlight Sonata” was written in the standard C sharp minor. If we want to answer your second question, we’ll need to look into some music theory. It is true that B sharp is the same key as C (because these notes are enharmonic because they are written differently but sound the same). The C* is the correct word to spell out the overall chord. It’s the musical equivalent of saying, “I went to the movies today.” Instead, the passage should have been written in this manner. If you accidentally lower a pitch, you are disseminating false information. Using unusual notes, such as C and E in a key signature, you can make a phrase that sounds upward. This can be applied to the special characteristics of specific keys, such as the use of double-flats and double-sharps. Until you get to G, there are enharmonic keys, which can be found in the middle of A, B, C, D, and so on, with no black keys between them, indicating that they are already half a step apart. Is C-flat Just B?Ĭ-flat and B are two different notes. C flat is the black key to the immediate left of the white key C on a piano. Plus, with Google’s accurate speech recognition, it was no surprise that it was more than adequate for dictating notes and letting Google Keep transcribe them. You can use Keep’s optical character recognition to extract text from clipped sources and other images. You can then add formatting and anything else you see fit, but remember that it won’t be a “note” anymore. Plus, if you want to make a note into something a bit more elegant, you can integrate it into a Google Doc. You can do those separately, too, but it’s good for notes such as recipes, as you can pop a picture at the top and have, say, an ingredients checklist underneath. You could have a picture, drawing, voice memo, tick box list and text note, all in one place. What you do get, though, is the ability to add all of its features into one note. Plus, it lacks rich-text editing, so it’s not the best choice if you’re creating research notes or using it for business. Google Keep is missing some of the features that its competitors have, though, such as multiple notebooks and video notes. That said, there’s no limit to the number of notes you can create and no bandwidth limit it doesn’t even go against your Google Drive storage limit. The notes have a character limit of 20,000, which is longer than the likes of Zoho Notebook (read our Zoho Notebook review), but shorter than, say, Box Notes, which allows a whopping 500,000 characters (read our Box Notes review). It’s easy to make a quick note, and you have the choice of doing so by text, checklist, voice recording, drawing or picture. It’s also tied to your Google account, so whichever device you use it on, your notes will be synced, provided you’re connected to the internet and logged in. Strengths & WeaknessesĪlthough at first glance Google Keep looks similar to a Post-it note board, it lets you create different types of memos. Keep reading our Google Keep review for more. With Google Keep, you can compile all your ideas, shopping lists and reminders into one place, and easily access them from another desktop or device. Still, Google Keep earned a slot on our list of the best note-taking apps. However, although it ticks all the boxes for an app that you can quickly whip out and get your idea down before your goldfish memory takes hold, it lacks features that other note-taking apps offer.įor example, Evernote offers more organizational features, and you can format the text (read our Evernote review). It lets you create an unlimited number of notes, with up to 20,000 characters in each, and you can create labels to organize them. It’s pretty basic in comparison to other apps, but it’s free and easy to use, so we can forgive that. This cloud-based note-taking app lets you jot thoughts down in a way similar to using Post-it notes, which you can then integrate into Google Docs (read our Google Drive review). When that little light bulb goes off in your head, Google Keep comes in pretty handy. 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Luckily for Andromeda, the ending of her story is better than her mother’s. Andromeda was then chained to a rock in the sea and left to be eaten by Cetus the next time he appeared to wreak havoc on the coast. Andromeda’s death would have been a huge devastation to Queen Cassiopeia, but the choice was to either let the country be destroyed or to sacrifice the princess. In an attempt to appease the wrath of Poseidon, Cepheus and Cassiopeia consulted an oracle, which told them they would need to sacrifice their daughter Andromeda. The stories are all clear though that, whatever the details of his punishment were, his intention was to completely destroy Ethiopia in response to Cassiopeia’s vanity and arrogance. Some accounts say that he caused Ethiopia to flood, while others say he called upon the sea monster Cetus to destroy the country. In response to her vain arrogance, Poseidon decided to punish both mother and daughter. As with any other mortal who had boasted about being greater in any way than the gods, this did not fare well for Cassiopeia and Andromeda. Princess Andromeda inherited her mother’s great beauty, and Queen Cassiopeia boasted that she and her daughter were more beautiful than all the sea nymph daughters of the god Nereus. She and King Cephus had a daughter, whom they named Andromeda. What they all agree on is that she was either part or full sea nymph, and she was very beautiful.Ĭassiopeia married Cepheus and became queen of Ethiopia. Still one other writer, the Greek poet Nonnus, says that she was the daughter of Aeolus, who was a son of Hellen and a sea nymph named Orseis. Other sources say she was a nymph herself. According to some, she was the daughter of Coronus, a human male, and a water nymph named Zeuxo. Her constellation is part of a group of several other constellations and is still recognized as one of the 88 modern constellations.Ĭassiopeia (pronounced Kass-ee-oh-PEE-uh) has a few different stories surrounding her origin. The ancient Greeks named a constellation after her, which is seen year round in the shape of a W and located in the northern sky. Queen Cassiopeia is a mortal woman in Greek mythology most known for angering the god of sea and earthquakes, Poseidon. The Fate of Queen Cassiopeia Cassiopeia – Queen and Constellation |
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